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"Programme Parade of 1948"
On 1 September 1939, the date of the German invasion of Poland, the BBC had merged its two existing radio services, the National Programme and the Regional Programme, into a new, single Home Service. The move was a precaution against easily distinguishable transmitters being used as directional beacons by enemy aircraft. Although it was to remain the BBC's single domestic radio service only for the first four months of the War of 1939-1945, the Home Service continued to be regarded once hostilities were over as the Corporation's senior and most prestigious radio channel.
In peacetime the Home Service also took up, from 29 July 1945, the regional broadcasting functions that had been exercised pre-war by the Regional Programme. The Home Service programmes listed here are those broadcast in the London area; however, six other regions broadcast between one-and-a-half and five hours daily of variations from the London schedule, whether their own productions, those of other regions, or occasionally recorded London programmes in different time-slots. Thus the pre-war Midland Regional Programme, for example, now became the Midland Home Service.
Also on 29 July 1945, a new service began from the BBC's long-wave transmitter at Droitwich, which had radiated the former National Programme from 1934 until 1939 (and the European Service from 1941). This was the Light Programme, which began broadcasting on 29 July 1945. It was "new", however, more in name than in substance, since it grew directly out of the wartime Forces Programme which had been set up in January 1940.
Increased news coverage and other programming of an informational nature necessarily played a large part in the schedules of the wartime Home Service, leaving relatively little time for entertainment. This lack of lighter fare, and of a choice for listeners, had been noted by those responsible for maintaining the morale of members of the Armed Forces, especially the large number of called-up men with little to do during the "Phoney War". And so on 7 January 1940 an alternative radio service was born, one with the emphasis on entertainment programmes even though its schedules still had room for substantial news bulletins and other spoken-word programmes.
As the numbers of U.S. and Canadian military personnel stationed in Britain built up in 1943 and especially 1944, in the run-up to D-Day, the Forces Programme came to cater increasingly for these troops too, and on 27 February 1944 it was relaunched as the General Forces Programme, incorporating a number of presentational styles which approached more closely those of North American radio. The Forces Programme, however, had already been much more "general" in another sense. It had attracted from the start a large civilian listenership hungry for entertainment and it was therefore inconceivable, once peace came, that it would disappear entirely, and it did not -- its style and most of its content were transferred to the new BBC Light Programme on the easily receivable long wave.
The third strand of BBC radio broadcasting to which listeners in 1948 could tune in was named, appropriately enough, the Third Programme. Unlike the Home and Light, which had grown organically out of wartime conditions, this evenings-only service of "high culture" programming, which first went on air on 29 September 1946, was an entirely new concept, born of postwar idealism. Specifically designed for selective listening -- no-one was expected to take in an entire evening's output -- talks (on science, philosophy, public affairs, literature, etc.), "built" features, and drama (sometimes of prodigious length) generally alternated with music: concerts, recitals, and other performances of "more demanding" classical music. One of the defining principles of Third Programme scheduling was "no fixed points" (which also meant no news bulletins), so that every evening was entirely different.
Looking at the 1948 schedules I think it is at once noticeable what a wide range of programmes (often reflecting pre-war patterns, but with a number of features still finding their echo in the BBC radio of 60 years later) was available to listeners so soon after the war, in what was still very much an "austerity" year. (It is true, however, that in the exceptionally hard winter of 1947 the national power crisis had forced the BBC to merge the Home and Light during daylight hours for nearly three months, sometimes suspending all daytime programmes other than news bulletins and weather forecasts, and at one stage the Third Programme was cancelled altogether for 16 days.)
One effect of the war had been to introduce "breakfast-time" programmes. Until 1928, when a daily 15-minute religious service had first been aired for an experimental period, the BBC had never broadcast anything before 10.30 in the morning, and by the beginning of September 1939 there were still no regular programmes before the by now established Daily Service at 10.15. The need for greater information in wartime, however, quickly led to the Home Service opening at the unprecedently early hour of 7.00 to present an early-morning news bulletin -- in itself another huge change: the first BBC news programme pre-war had been the appropriately named "First News" at 18.00 in the National Programme. In 1948 the Light Programme, though, still starts very late in the day by modern standards: at 9.00 (8.00 on Sundays).
Breakfast-time bulletins apart, the pattern of news programmes in the 1948 schedules corresponds surprisingly closely to that of television 25+ years later, by which time TV will have taken over as the mass broadcasting medium. Not a whiff of hourly news summaries in 1948: the basic pattern is meal time = news time. The Home has substantial bulletins at 7.00 (except Sundays), 8.00, 13.00, 18.00, and 21.00, plus a summary at closedown, the Light at 9.00, 19.00 (News and Radio Newsreel - the only news programme at the time which made extensive use of live and recorded "field" reports), and 22.00. Noticeable, though, is that news provision at weekends scarcely differs at all from that laid on in the week: very different from today's practice.
The programming pattern shows, too, that in 1948 "the weekend" did not really get underway much before midday on Saturday -- most people at that time still worked a five-and-a-half-day, if not a six-day, week. Sport is prominent on Saturday afternoon, but coverage is shared between the Home Service and the Light Programme.
In general, it was expected that listeners would switch back and forth to find programmes that interested them (consulting the Radio Times for details, of course: it was a literate age!): there was no continuous provision of one kind of programme on any of the channels and there is a great deal of "overlap" between the two main services -- indeed, they often repeated each other's programmes. Although the name of the Light Programme is an indication of its main emphasis, its schedules included short readings and educational talks, drama (even regular 90-minute plays, a rarety on any channel in today's radio), and orchestral concerts: there were Henry Wood Promenade Concerts on all three of the BBC's networks during this week in January 1948. The Home Service, as well as carrying a good deal of informational programming (including broadcasts to schools) and being the main channel for classical music, the Third Programme being on air only in the evenings, was also a vehicle for drama and entertainment. In particular, it was the Home Service which featured such daytime musical and variety shows as Music While You Work and Workers' Playtime, carrying on the wartime tradition of morale-boosting radio for those in the nation's factories who were now engaged in rebuilding the country.
It was "early to bed", though in 1948: while in the 30s there had been live dance music on the BBC every night until midnight (except Sundays, of course -- John Reith was very much in charge until 1938!) closedown in this period was at around 23.00 on all channels.
Kevin Flynn
Sunday 11 January 1948 |
LIGHT
PROGRAMME ------------------------------------------------- 8.00 Breakfast Club. THIRD PROGRAMME |
Monday
12 January 1948 HOME SERVICE -------------------------------------------------- 6.30 Bright and Early. 6.55 Weather. 7.00 News. 7.10 Programme Parade. 7.15 Morning Music. 7.50 Lift Up Your Hearts. 7.55 Weather. 8.00 News. 8.10 Programme Parade. 8.15 Victor Silvester and his Ballroom Orchestra. 8.45 Margerie Few (piano). 9.15 Lewis Carroll. 9.30 Dulcet Strings. 10.05 For the Schools: News Commentary. 10.15 The Daily Service. 10.30 Music While You Work. 11.00 For the Schools: Singing Together; 11.20 How Things Began; 11.40 Intermediate French; 12.05 Bible Talks for Sixth Forms. 12.25 Twenty Questions. 12.55 Weather. 13.00 News. 3.10 Those Were the Days! 14.05 For the Schools: Stories from World History; 14.30 Orchestral Concert Series; 14.50 Let's Hear it Again. 15.00 Jazz Classics. 15.30 Round Britain Quiz. 16.00 South American Way. 16.30 This is the Law. 17.00 Children's Hour. 17.55 Weather. 18.00 News. 18.10 Sport; TopicalTalk. 18.20 This Week's Composers. 18.45 Christian Commentary. 19.00 Ignorance is Bliss. 19.30 Maria Reining (soprano) and the BBC Symphony Orchestra. 20.00 Monday Night at Eight. 21.00 News. 21.15 World Theatre: Measure for Measure. 22.45 Peter Stadlen (piano). 23.00-23.03 News Summary. |
LIGHT
PROGRAMME
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Tuesday
13 January 1948 HOME SERVICE -------------------------------------------------- 6.30 Bright and Early. 6.55 Weather. 7.00 News. 7.10 Programme Parade. 7.15 Morning Music. 7.50 Lift Up Your Hearts. 7.55 Weather. 8.00 News. 8.10 Programme Parade. 8.15 Music for All. 9.00 Chappie D'Amato and his Dance Orchestra. 9.35 Short Morning Service for Schools. 9.55 Smetana. 10.05 For the Schools: News Commentary. 10.15 The Daily Service. 10.30 Music While You Work. 11.00 For the Schools: Music and Movement for Infants; 11.20 History I; 11.40 Off the Syllabus. 12.00 Billy Cotton and his Band. 12.30 Workers' Playtime. 12.55 Weather. 13.00 News. 13.10 Music Hall. 14.10 Interlude. 14.15 For the Schools: Adventures in Music; 14.35 Senior English II. 15.00 Choral Evensong. 15.40 Arthur Somervell. 16.00 I Prescribe. 16.45 Going to the Pictures. 17.00 Children's Hour. 17.55 Weather. 18.00 News. 18.10 Sport; Topical Talk. 18.20 Delibes. 18.45 Commonwealth and Empire. 19.00 Threesome. 19.30 BBC Theatre Orchestra. 20.30 Leslie Henson in It Goes to Show 21.00 News. 21.15 World Affairs. 21.30 Hurrah for Womanhood! 22.00 Recital. 22.45 Politics and Personality. 23.00-23.03 News Summary. |
LIGHT
PROGRAMME -------------------------------------------------- 9.00 News. 9.10 Housewives' Choice. 10.00 Forces Educational Broadcast: Plain English. 10.15 Music in Your Home. 11.00 The Mid-morning Story. 11.15 Time for Music. 11.45 At the Console. 12.15 Variety Calls the Tune. 13.00 Concert Hour. 14.00 Woman's Hour. 15.00 Melody Hour. 15.30 Music While You Work. 16.00 Mrs Dale's Diary. 16.15 At Your Request. 16.45 Music at Tea-time. 17.30 The Squadronaires Dance Orchestra. 18.15 Music While You Work. 18.45 Dick Barton - Special Agent. 19.00 News and Radio Newsreel. 19.30 Family Favourites. 20.30 Night Shift. 21.00 Twenty Questions. 21.30 Mystery Playhouse: The Detection Club. 22.00 News. 22.15-23.00 Carroll Gibbons and his Orchestra and Roberto Inglez and his Rumba Band.
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Wednesday
14 January 1948 HOME SERVICE -------------------------------------------------- 6.30 Bright and Early. 6.55 Weather. 7.00 News. 7.10 Programme Parade. 7.15 Morning Music. Educational Broadcast: Science and Everyday 7.50 Lift Up Your Hearts. 7.55 Weather. 8.00 News. 8.10 Programme Parade. 8.15 In the Kitchen. 8.20 John Blore and his Orchestra. 9.00 Recital. 9.30 Roy Wallis and his Band. 10.05 For the Schools: News Commentary. 10.15 The Daily Service. 10.30 Music While You Work. 11.00 For the Schools: The Practice and Science of Gardening; 11.20 Current Affairs; 11.40 French for Sixth Forms. 12.00 BBC Midland Light Orchestra. 12.30 Works Wonders. 12.55 Weather. 13.00 News. 13.10 The Eye-witness. 13.30 From My Post-bag. 14.00 For the Schools: For Rural Schools; 14.25 General Science; 14.50 Junior English. 15.10 Sylvie Saint Clair. 15.20 Merry-go-round. 16.00 Wednesday Matinée: The Regency House; 16.30 Fotheringham Seeks a Post. 17.00 Children's Hour. 17.55 Weather. 18.00 News. 18.10 Sport; Topical Talk. 18.20 Thomas. 18.45 A Ride on a Hippopotamus. 19.00 The Squadronaires Dance Orchestra. 19.30 Henry Wood Promenade Concerts (21.00-21.15 News). 21.55 Pantomime: Mr Ditchwater's Christmas. 22.35 Boxing. 22.40 Continental Cabaret. 23.00-23.03 News Summary. |
LIGHT
PROGRAMME -------------------------------------------------- 9.00 News. 9.10 Housewives' Choice. 10.00 Forces Life. 10.15 Music in Your Home. 11.00 The Mid-morning Story. 11.15 On the Sweeter Side. 11.45 Tango Time. 12.15 At the Console. 12.45 Midday Prom. 13.30 Bandstand. 14.00 Woman's Hour. 15.00 Melody Hour. 15.30 Music While You Work. 16.00 Mrs Dale's Diary. 16.15 At Your Request. 16.45 Music of the Masters. 17.45 Billy Ternent and his Orchestra. 18.15 Music While You Work. 18.45 Dick Barton - Special Agent. 19.00 News and Radio Newsreel. 19.30 Family Favourites. 20.30 Wilfred Pickles in Have a Go! 21.00 Big Bill Campbell and his Rocky Mountain Rhythm. 22.00 News. 22.15 Ernest Dudley's Armchair Detective. 22.30-23.00 Sydney Lipton and his Orchestra. THIRD PROGRAMME |
Thursday
15 January 1948 HOME SERVICE -------------------------------------------------- 6.30 Bright and Early. 6.55 Weather. 7.00 News. 9.00 News. 7.10 Programme Parade. 7.15 Morning Music. 7.50 Lift Up Your Hearts. 7.55 Weather. 8.00 News. 8.10 Programme Parade. 8.15 Music of the Regiments. 8.45 Sidney Davey and his Players. 9.15 The Houses They Built. 9.30 Arnold Richardson (organ). 10.05 For the Schools: News Commentary. 10.15 The Daily Service. 10.30 Music While You Work. 11.00 For the Schools: Rhythm and Melody; 11.20 Geography; 11.40 Intermediate German. 12.00 Rosehill Band of the Salvation Army Assurance Society. 12.30 Workers' Playtime. 12.55 Weather. 13.00 News. 13.10 From the Casino. 14.00 For the Schools: Nature Study; 14.15 History II; 14.40 English for Under-nines. 15.00 BBC Scottish Orchestra. 16.00 Soft Lights and Sweet Music. 16.30 Barnaby Rudge. 17.00 Children's Hour. 17.55 Weather. 18.00 News. 18.10 Sport; Topical Talk; Announcements. 18.30 Thomas. 18.45 Farming Today. 19.00 Up the Pole. 19.30 Thursday Concert. 20.30 Tommy Handley in ITMA. 21.15 Questions of the Hour: Planning. 21.30 Abbot and Spencer, Chemists. 22.00 Music by Johann Strauss from Vienna. 22.30 Science Survey. 22.45 Gareth Morris (flute). 23.00-23.03 News Summary. |
LIGHT
PROGRAMME -------------------------------------------------- 9.10 Housewives' Choice. 10.00 Forces Educational Broadcast: Introduction to Philosophy. 10.15 Music in Your Home. 11.00 The Mid-morning Story. 11.15 Time for Music. 12.00 On the Sweeter Side. 12.30 Concert Hour. 13.30 At the Console. 14.00 Woman's Hour. 15.00 Melody Hour. 15.30 Music While You Work. 16.00 Mrs Dale's Diary. 16.15 Music at Tea-time. 16.30 Southern Serenade Orchestra. 17.00 Bandstand. 17.45 Eric Winstone and his Orchestra. 18.15 Music While You Work. 18.45 Dick Barton - Special Agent. 19.00 News and Radio News reel. 19.30 Eric Barker in Merry-go-round. 20.30 Music in Miniature. 21.00 Bing Sings. 21.15 Palace of Varieties. 22.00 News. 22.15 Donald Peers: Cavalier of Song. 22.35-23.00 Jan Wildeman and his Orchestra. THIRD PROGRAMME |
Friday
16 January 1948 HOME SERVICE -------------------------------------------------- 6.30 Bright and Early. 6.55 Weather. 7.00 News. 7.10 Programme Parade. 7.15 Morning Music. Educational Broadcast: Current Affairs. 7.50 Lift Up Your Hearts. 7.55 Weather. 8.00 News. 8.10 Programme Parade. 8.15 Good Health. 8.20 Music for All. 9.05 Short Morning Service for Schools. 9.25 London International Trio. 10.05 For the Schools: News Commentary. 10.15 The Daily Service. 10.30 Music While You Work. 11.00 For the Schools: Music and Movement for Juniors; 11.20 Citizenship; 11.40 Talks for Sixth Forms. 12.00 Dana Romney's Lucky Dip. 12.30 Workers' Playtime. 12.55 Weather. 13.00 News. 13.10 Observation Post. 13.40 Denis O'Neil: Smilin' Through. 14.00 For the Schools: Travel Talks; 14.20 Let's Join In; 14.40 Senior English I. 15.00 Marching with the Gunners. 15.30 Ballad Concert. 16.00 O for the Wings... 16.15 The Critics. 17.00 Children's Hour. 17.55 Weather. 18.00 News. 18.10 Sport; Topical Talk. 18.20 Delibes. 18.45 American Commentary. 19.00 Wilfred Pickles in Have a Go! 20.25 Interlude. 20.30 Twenty Questions. 21.00 News. 21.15 Friday Forum. 21.45 BBC Northern Orchestra. 22.45 The Very Devil. 23.00-23.03 News Summary. |
LIGHT
PROGRAMME ------------------------------------------------ 9.00 News. THIRD PROGRAMME 18.00 Brahms. |
Saturday
17 January 1948 HOME SERVICE -------------------------------------------------- 6.30 Bright and Early. 6.55 Weather. 7.00 News. 7.10 Programme Parade. 7.15 Morning Music. 7.50 Lift Up Your Hearts. 7.55 Weather. 8.00 News. 8.10 Programme Parade. 8.15 Music in Miniature. 8.45 Stanley Black and the Dance Orchestra. 9.15 Morning Star. 9.30 BBC Welsh Orchestra. 10.15 The Daily Service. 10.30 Music While You Work. 11.00 BBC Scottish Orchestra. 12.00 Dancing at Midday. 12.25 Leave It to the Boys. 12.55 Weather. 13.00 News. 13.10 Tommy Handley in ITMA. 13.40 Listen to the Band. 14.15 Film Frivolities. 14.30 Masters of Melody. 15.10 Rugby Union Football. 16.05 Saturday Matinée: Which Country They Were. 16.45 Can I Help You? 17.00 Children's Hour. 17.55 Weather. 18.00 News. 18.10 Sports Results. 18.25 Saturday Sports Review. 18.45 Those Were the Days! 19.15 In Town Tonight. 19.45 A Pleasure Garden. 20.00 Music Hall. 21.00 News. 21.20 Saturday-night Theatre: Nurse Cavell. 22.45 The Litany. 23.00-23.03 News Summary. |
LIGHT
PROGRAMME -------------------------------------------------- 9.00 News. 9.10 Housewives' Choice. 10.00 Forces Educational Broadcast: Programme Music. 10.30 Winifred Atwell and Donald Thorne. 10.45 Jack Simpson and his Sextet. 11.15 Dick Barton - Special Agent. 12.15 Accordion Music. 12.30 International Quiz. 13.00 Paul Temple and the Sullivan Mystery. 13.30 Fredric Bayco at the theatre organ. 14.00 Books and Authors. 14.30 Jack Jackson's Record Round-up. 15.05 Association Football. 16.00 Music at Teatime. 16.45 Band Call. 17.30 Sports Report. 18.00 Jazz Club. 18.30 Beginners Please. 19.00 Radio Newsreel. 19.25 Sport. 19.30 Last Night of the Winter Series of Henry Wood Promenade Concerts. 22.00 News. 22.15-23.00 The Squadronaires Dance Orchestra. THIRD PROGRAMME |
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